Kinetics and biotransformation products of bisphenol F and S during aerobic degradation with activated sludge

Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are becoming widespread in the environment despite lack of information regarding their fate during wastewater treatment environment. This study assessed biodegradation kinetics BPF BPS biological with activated sludge using GC-MS/MS, identification biotransformation products (BTPs) LC-QTOF-MS. The results showed that degrade readily unlikely accumulate biosolids or effluent (ci = 0.1 mg L−1, half-lives <4.3 days). first-order kinetic model revealed (kt 0.20–0.38) degraded faster than 0.04–0.16) degradation rate decreases an increasing initial concentration (half-lives 17.3 absence any additional organic carbon source significantly slowed down degradation, particular, (lag phase on day 18 instead 7). machine-learning algorithm adopted as part non-targeted workflow identified three known BTPs one novel BTP BPF, ten new BPS. data from this support possible pathways, namely sulphation, methylation, cleavage coupling smaller moieties.